Rania Sama, Noureddine Abdelbaki and Said Bribich
The problem of unemployment, especially among higher education graduates, appeared in Morocco in the early 1980s. In this regard, initiatives to promote self-employment were launched, including the "Young Promoters Credits" program, launched in 1987, and the "Moukawalati" program in 2006, as part of the State's efforts to promote employment, but without achieving satisfactory results. The explanation lies in the intrinsic flaws of these programs (conditions, procedures, stakeholders, etc.) as well as in extrinsic issues (economic situation, training system, availability of resources, etc.).
The informal sector has therefore developed widely as an alternative activity that can generate income and improve living conditions.
The idea in itself, to rely on youth entrepreneurship to boost employment in particular and the economy in general, is commendable. However, it is necessary to shed light on previous deficiencies in order to overcome them and not make the same mistakes in future programs.
It is precisely in this context that we will look at the experience of the program Moukawalati to try to answer the crucial question: Why so much will and investment have not succeeded in promoting this ambitious, youth entrepreneurship?